The Evolution Site
The theory of natural selection as the underlying principle of evolution is the central force in the field of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology, and the study of palaeontology.
However the study of evolution is often controversial and the resulting misinformation can confuse people regarding its basic concepts. This site clarifies essential concepts.
What is Evolution?
The modern understanding of evolution focuses on the gradual,
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click to find out more) cumulative changes that occur within populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection, a process that increases the number of organisms who have beneficial traits that enable them to live and reproduce in a specific environment. In turn, these organisms have more offspring than those that don't possess the beneficial characteristics. This can result in a genetic mutation which could eventually result in new species.
The term "evolution", is often associated with "survival-of-the fittest" which implies that people who are more adapted to certain environmental conditions will have a distinct advantage over those less well-adapted. In reality this is just one of many ways that evolution can occur.
Another way to use the term "evolution" is to suggest that a species can change from one state to the next. This theory of evolution is referred to as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution does not support this view. Instead, the theory of evolution that is scientifically based concentrates on the changes that occur within populations over time, and these changes are the result of genetic mutations and natural selection.
Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who supported this view. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was the only way in which the higher living forms could have evolved.
To be able to be referred to as a theory, it has to be capable of surviving rigorous testing and evidence. The evidence for evolution has withstood the test of time and has been supported by numerous studies in a wide range of scientific disciplines, from geology to biology to astronomy. Evolution is a cornerstone of science and is backed by a majority of scientists around the globe. Many people are confused about the nature of evolution theory, especially how it relates to religion.
What is the Theory of Evolution?
Evolution is a scientific explanation of how living things change with time. It is based on few established facts: that more offspring are created than can be surviving, that individuals differ in their physical characteristics and that they can transmit traits to the next generation. These observations are supported by a growing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional morphology geology.
The theory of evolution based on natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century as an explanation for how organisms adapt to their physical and
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Some people oppose evolution because they believe that it implies there is no reason for existence. Many scientists who are religious like Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and even enhanced by it.
Many highly qualified evolutionary biologists have been involved in developing and testing the theory of evolution, including several revered evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these researchers contributed to the understanding of a wide range phenomena, including genomics and phylogenetics as well as the formation and function of fossils.
The term "theory" that is often used incorrectly, refers to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over a long period of time. Scientists test hypotheses by repeating the experiments or observations that led them to their conclusions. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out and so have the theories of Copernican, atomic and
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What is the Process of Evolution?
The process of evolution is the gradual change over time in the ratio of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. This change is a result of natural selection of those who are better adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these people survive and reproduce their genes are more prevalent within the population. This process is sometimes referred to as "survival for the fittest."
According to the theory of evolution the mutations that result in genomic variation are the primary material of evolutionary change. These mutations could occur randomly or be influenced by the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner and occur in a random manner, the frequency of the allele will vary from generation to generation. However, when a mutation is beneficial it increases the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread throughout the population.
Over time, these shifts in allele frequencies can result in the creation of new species. The new species can then develop further and evolve into newer forms. This is known as macroevolution. The creation of new species is often a result of changes in the environment, which make certain resources available or creates new environmental challenges. The evolution of finches in Galapagos Islands, for example is due to the availability of fresh food and the necessity to defend themselves against predators.
In a larger sense the term "evolution" refers to any change that takes place in the traits of organisms over time. This change can be small, such as the development of a new coloration or massive, for instance, the formation of a new organ.
Scientists who accept evolution theory generally agree that genetic change is essential in the process of generating evolution. They also acknowledge that evolution is a process that happens in time, typically over a period of millions of years. They differ on the importance of various factors that may speed up or slow down this process. For instance the role of sexual selection, environmental pressures, and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and the evidence to support this is overwhelming.
What is the Evidence of Evolution?
Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. The evidence comes from fossils that demonstrate the evolution of organisms over time. Additional evidence can be found in similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography genetics and comparative anatomy.
The evolutionary tree is the best way to prove evolution. It shows how different species are closely related. Homologous structures are another proof. They have a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wing of a bird or bat. Evolution is also evident in the fact that various species adapt and evolve to similar environments. For instance, arctic-foxes and Ptarmigans sport white fur coats which blend with snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolutionary process, which suggests that the species have shared ancestors.