Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and capacity to tap into the benefits of relationships and learner-internal elements, were important. For instance,
프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 정품 [
go directly to images.google.as] RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to not criticize the strictness of a professor (see example 2).
This article examines all local research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on core practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a common tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. For instance the DCT cannot account for cultural and individual variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used in research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness is a plus. This feature can help researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most significant tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and
프라그마틱 슬롯버프 the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to determine the phonological difficulty of learners their speech.
Recent research has used the DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs are usually developed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test developers. They may not be precise, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interaction. This issue calls for further research on different methods of assessing refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT encouraged more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' choices in their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for
프라그마틱 슬롯 조작 L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' rational choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. In addition, the interviewees were asked to justify their choices of behavior in a specific scenario.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to a lack of knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coding process was an iterative process,
프라그마틱 정품 in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research sought to answer this question with various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create patterns that resembled native ones. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors like relational advantages. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to a more relaxed performance in relation to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties that they might face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native friends would think they are "foreigners" and believe that they are not intelligent. This is similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it is advisable for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students in L2. Moreover it will assist educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research method that focuses on in-depth, participant-centered investigations to investigate a specific topic.